Thursday, June 21, 2012

Turtles fossilised in sex embrace

Turtles killed as they were having sex and then fossilised in position have been described by scientists.

The remains of the 47-million-yearold animals were unearthed in the famous Messel Pit near Darmstadt, Germany.

They were found as male-female pairs. In two cases, the males even had their tails tucked under their partners' as would be expected from the coital position.

Details are carried in the Royal Society journal Biology Letters.

Researchers think the turtles had initiated sex in the surface waters of the lake that once existed on the site, and were then overcome as they sank through deeper layers made toxic by the release of volcanic gases.

The animals, still in embrace, were then buried in the lakebed sediments and locked away in geological time.

"We see this in some volcanic lakes in East African today," explained Dr Walter Joyce of the University of T?bingen.

"Every few hundred years, these lakes can have a sudden outburst of carbon dioxide, like the opening of a champagne bottle, and it will poison everything around them."

The turtles described in Biology Letters are of the extinct species Allaeochelys crassesculpta.

They are about 20cm in length; the females are slightly bigger than the males.

Their nearest living relatives are probably the pig-nosed turtle (Carettochelys insculpta), a much bigger species that swims in waters around Australia and Papua New Guinea.

A. crassesculpta is just one of thousands of exquisitely preserved fossil creatures pulled from Messel Pit, which has Unesco World Heritage status because of its palaeontological significance.

Nine pairs of turtles have been unearthed at the site over the past 30 years.

In most of the couples, the individuals were discovered in contact with other. For the pairs that were not, the individuals were no more than 30cm apart.

"People had long speculated they might have died while mating, but that's quite different from actually showing it," said Dr Joyce.

"We've demonstrated quite clearly that each pair is a male and a female, and not, for example, just two males that might have died in combat.

"This fact combined with the observation that their back ends are always orientated toward one another, and the two pairs with tails in the position of mating - that's a smoking gun in our view."

It is said to be the only example in the fossil record of vertebrates being preserved in the act of having sex.

For invertebrates, there are numerous examples in the scientific literature of copulating insects being caught in amber, or fossilised tree resin.

Jonathan.Amos-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk and follow me on Twitter

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Microsoft offers a sneak peek at Windows Phone, we'll be liveblogging at 12pm ET!

Microsoft offers a sneak peek at Windows Phone, we'll be liveblogging at 12pm ET!

Microsoft is definitely having a field day week, sandwiched right in between WWDC and Google I/O. Tomorrow morning the giant's offered us a sneak peek at Windows Phone, and that's leaving us plenty of food for thought to chew on. Will it be this Apollo we've heard all about? We're going to be at tomorrow morning's keynote, bringing you all of the updates as the news flows out of Joe Belfiore & Co. Join us then -- the fun begins at noon!

June 20, 2012 12:00 PM EDT

Microsoft offers a sneak peek at Windows Phone, we'll be liveblogging at 12pm ET! originally appeared on Engadget on Tue, 19 Jun 2012 21:04:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

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Wednesday, June 20, 2012

1.5 million children could starve to death in W. Africa

A million and a half children are in imminent danger of starvation in West Africa. NBC's Rohit Kachroo reports on the crisis in the heart of the region, Niger. Warning: Some of the images in this report are distressing.

By Rohit Kachroo, NBC News in Niger, west Africa

One-and-a-half-million children are in imminent danger of starvation in West Africa, according to?The United Nations Children's Fund, despite recent pledges of international aid.

As world leaders gathered for the Rio+20 conference on sustainable development, aid workers warned there were only four weeks left to treat the effects of acute hunger before the rainy season makes huge swathes of the Sahel region inaccessible.


Across western Africa, communities are caught between climate change, conflict and poverty -- yet the global economic crisis means international priorities lie elsewhere.

For example, during its financial crisis Greece has received a hundred times more from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) than Niger during the last few years.

Analysis: Mali coup shakes cocktail of instability in Sahel

In hospitals here in southern Niger, a crisis is developing. Many children are at serious risk of dying and for each bed there is a skeletal frame as yet another hunger crisis strikes.

Hair turned red by hunger
Patients include a girl, Amina, whose hair has been turned red by a lifetime without enough food, and Ibrahim, an eight-month-old whose tiny body is consumed by the effects of severe malnutrition.

From many miles around, more young patients arrive all the time -- more work for the doctors who've rarely seen anything like this.

Women complain about a lack of rain, but also about a lack of food. Their families may not survive the coming months, they say.

Twenty years later, will world make good on Rio Earth Summit's 'broken promises'?

?What you?re looking at are communities across wide areas that need assistance because, despite best efforts, they have been pushed off their ability to cope,? said Martin Dawes, regional spokesman for UNICEF.

UNICEF Niger overview

Some help is here: The international response has been swifter than it has been in the past. Earlier this month, the United States?pledged over $81 million in additional assistance.

But this is a crisis across many counties, affecting many millions, leaving many lives on a knife-edge ? and the U.N. has already said it needs another $1.5 billion to tackle the problem.

The months ahead are crucial here, amid grim warnings about more dry weather, even an influx of locusts. The world has been warned.

Rohit Kachroo is NBC News' Africa Correspondent. Additional editing by Alastair Jamieson, msnbc.com.

More world news from msnbc.com and NBC News:

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Microsoft own worst enemy in bold tablet move, says analyst

Forrester analyst worries that the dual-OS strategy will confuse buyers
6/19/2012 2:31:00 PM By: Gregg Keizer

Microsoft's venture into selling company-designed tablets is fraught with risk, but tops on one analyst's list is the firm setting itself up as its own rival.

"Microsoft will be its own worst enemy in this market," said Sarah Rotman Epps, an analyst with Forrester Research, in a Monday blog posted after the Redmond, Wash. developer unveiled its new Surface, a line of 10.6-in. tablets.

"The worst thing that could happen to Microsoft's Windows RT tablets is Windows 8 on x86," argued Epps, referring to the two distinct models in the Surface line-up.

On Monday afternoon, Microsoft executives, including CEO Steve Ballmer and Steven Sinofsky, chief of the Windows division, introduced the not-yet-available Surface tablet, which will be sold in two flavors.

One, tagged the Windows RT Surface, runs Windows RT, the new edition that works only on devices powered by ARM-licensed processors. ARM CPUs drive virtually every mobile device, from smartphones to tablets, including Apple's iconic iPad.

Windows RT, a major departure for Microsoft in more ways than one, is the company's attempt to break into the lucrative consumer-oriented media tablet market.

But Microsoft will also sell the Windows 8 Pro Surface, a tablet that, while identical at first glance to its Windows RT sibling, runs the more traditional Windows 8 on hardware powered by Intel processors.

Because that second Surface relies on an Intel chip -- a quad-core i5 from the just-released "Ivy Bridge" architecture, the same used in Windows laptops and as of last week, the one packed into Apple's MacBook Air and the least-expensive MacBook Pro -- will run all legacy Windows applications as well as the newer Metro apps that Microsoft and others are developing. It will also be heavier -- by half a pound -- and slightly thicker than the Windows RT tablet, although by other external appearances it will be identical.

And that's the problem Rotman Epps foresees.

"Microsoft and its partners need to articulate a compelling strategy for how they will manage consumer expectations in the channel," she wrote. "Consumers aren't used to thinking about chipsets."

Possible confusion could dampen sales, or worse. "Selling x86-based tablets in the same retail channels as Windows RT tablets will confuse consumers and sow discontent if consumers buy [the Windows 8 Pro Surface] and think they're getting something like the iPad," said Epps.

As Rotman Epps noted, Microsoft will use the same outlets, at least initially, to sell both Surface tablets: Its small chain of U.S. retail stores and through its online store in a limited number of countries.

Similar confusion has dogged Microsoft in the past, whether when it used a bare-bones version of Windows, called "Starter," to equip netbooks, or when it shipped six different versions of both Vista and Windows 7.

When Microsoft launched Windows 7 Starter in late 2009 for the last wave of netbooks, for example, a survey showed that nearly two-thirds of those polled did not know that Starter -- which was licensed only to makers of inexpensive, small-sized laptops, tagged as "netbooks" -- lacked some features that were standard in the older Windows XP.

Those users were likely to get hot under the collar when they discovered the missing features, said bloggers and analysts.

Rotman Epps' worry is the opposite, that buyers will mix the two Surface tablets, pick the more expensive Windows 8 Pro model and be unhappy when they realize they paid more for features, such as the ability to run older Windows software, that they didn't want or don't need on a tablet.

Other analysts also pointed out problems with Windows 8 tablets, although they didn't voice Rotman Epps' concern about confusion.

"The [Windows 8 Pro] Surface is still a PC, which means it has all the good things about that, like the ability to run a wide range of software, but it also has the bad things," said Tom Mainelli of IDC. Among the latter: The habit of a Windows machines' performance to degrade over time as users install some programs, uninstall others, then repeat the cycle.

Rotman Epps decried the multi-OS choice facing Surface buyers, and compared it to the lack of options offered by Apple. "Choice is a key tenet of Windows, but too much choice is overwhelming for consumers. Apple gets this, and limits iPad options to connectivity, storage, and black ... or white," she wrote.

Actually, the iPad comes in many more configurations: Three choices of storage size, two of connectivity -- Wi-Fi or Wi-Fi plus cellular -- and two types of the latter to account for the world's two dominant cellular data network standards. That's nine different options, or 18 if black-versus-white is tossed into the mix.

Microsoft will offer just four Surface configurations: Two of the Windows RT model (16GB or 32GB of storage) and two for the Windows 8 Pro tablet (64GB or 128GB).

But for all the iPad's permutations, one thing is constant: They all run the same operating system, iOS.


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Maps: Agriculture in the U.S. and Around the World

The Midwest is the country?s farming powerhouse. In the small farming communities of the Midwest, farmers often account for one-third of the population, especially in North Dakota, South Dakota, and Kansas. On the coasts, just one or two out of every 100 people work as farmers, even in rural areas. The county with the greatest percentage of farmers is McMullen, Texas. The town?s population is 707, with 374 farmers?that?s more than half of its entire population. If you exclude children and the elderly, the proportion of farmers is even greater. No matter how urban your landscape, though, there?s probably a farmer in the range of a short drive. San Francisco, which has the fewest farmers of all, still boasts six.

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Tuesday, June 19, 2012

Samsung looks to break away from the Android pack

In something of a surprise to the industry, leading consumer electronics firm Samsung announced earlier this month that chief executive?Choi Gee-sung would shift to a new role focused on strategy and former component business head?Kwon Oh-hyun would take over as Samsung?s CEO. During a speech on Monday, Kwon stated that Samsung will make software and UI design a key focus moving forward, suggesting that the heavy Android customizations seen in the company?s new Galaxy S III smartphone are just the beginning.??A particular focus must be given to serving new customer experience and value by strengthening soft capabilities in software, user experience, design and solutions,? Kwon said according to The Wall Street Journal.?Samsung Mobile?s?Vice President and General Manager of Enterprise Sales Tim Wagner also noted on Monday that the Galaxy S III smartphone ?systematically defragments Android,? further supporting the notion that Samsung is looking to shift focus away from being ?an Android vendor??and toward being ?a smartphone vendor? known for its own unique solutions rather than just Google?s mobile operating system.

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Nuforce Cube


Speakers usually have to be big to put out a lot of sound. The bigger a speaker is, the louder it gets. Conversely, the smaller a speaker is, the softer its maximum volume generally is. Nuforce tries to break this trend with the Nuforce Cube, a less-than-3-inch cube with a built-in USB digital-to-analog converter. It gets loud for its size, but its $119 (direct) price and poor bass response keep it from being more than a pretty mini-speaker.

The Nuforce Cube ?looks cute. It's a rounded 2.3-inch by 2.8-inch (H,W x D) near-cube with a metal shell, a plastic base and back, and a removable fabric grille. It's available in black, silver, blue, or red versions, and comes with a USB-to-mini-USB cable, a 3.5mm audio cable, and a carrying pouch. It has no physical controls and only three ports: a mini-USB connector, 3.5mm input, and 3.5mm headphone output. The speaker is powered through the mini-USB port, and a battery inside keeps it working as a powered speaker for several hours when it's not connected.

While you can use the cube as a speaker with a 3.5mm input, it's intended for use via USB as a combination speaker and digital-to-analog converter (DAC). If you plug it into a PC through USB, it shows up as a sound device, taking over the audio capabilities of the computer. A small red light on the front indicates it's plugged into USB, or is running on battery with a device connected over the 3.5mm port. If you want to get the same audio through 3.5mm that you would get through USB, you need to charge it over USB before treating it like a regular speaker.

Based on its small size, it's hard to imagine the Nuforce Cube can put out a lot of sound. It does get surprisingly loud and pleasantly clear, however. But with a few caveats. The Gipsy Kings' cover of "Hotel California" came in crisp and warm, with the subtle strings of the opening of the song filling my workspace. However, the speaker failed at our bass test track, The Knife's "Silent Shout." It distorted immediately and only became crunchier and further warped as the song progressed. While the speaker might work suitably for jazz, classical music, and rock, don't expect metal or dubstep to be close to listenable.

The Nuforce Cube looks cool and puts out a lot of sound for its size, but its $120 price tag and poor bass handling make it a novelty speaker. If you want decent sound with more features for less, the Logitech Mini Boombox ($99, 4 stars) is wireless if your computer supports Bluetooth, has a 3.5mm audio input if it doesn't, and can work as a speakerphone and portable speaker for your smartphone or tablet.

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